ASPO Abstracts
Associations of energy intake, recent weight change, and physical activity with fecal and oral microbiota
Category: Lifestyles Behavior, Energy Balance & Chemoprevention, Lifestyles Behavior, Energy Balance & Chemoprevention
Conference Year: 2018
Abstract Body:
Modifiable behaviors that contribute to obesity and the microbiome are important targets for cancer prevention. Objective: We examined associations of weight status, usual total energy intake (TEI), physical activity level, and recent weight change with the diversity and composition of the gut and oral microbiota in a human epidemiologic study. Methods: In 66 self-reported healthy obese (BMI >30) and lean (BMI <25) adults, we collected fecal and buccal samples, two 24-hour dietary recalls, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Recent weight change was defined as ± >5% reported change in body weight within the past year. Human microbiota were characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing (llluminaMiSeq). Results: Two-thirds of the sample were women and the mean age was 34±10 years. We observed no significant differences in microbial community richness and only modest differences in community structure by BMI and other factors. In obese as compared to lean participants’ fecal samples, we observed higher relative abundance of Megasphaera (P=0.002; PFDR=0.12)- a finding largely driven by significant differences in women (PFDR=0.0003). In buccal samples, obesity was inversely associated with Azospira (P=0.01). Across tertiles of TEI, Oscillibacter increased (PFDR=0.006) in fecal samples, while Megasphaera appeared to increase in both fecal (P =0.06) and buccal (P=0.05) samples. In buccal samples, Haemophilus was marginally associated with increased usual physical activity. The fecal microbiota of participants who reported recent weight gain showed enrichment of several species within the Clostridiales order, including Megasphaera. Putative pathway differences in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, bacterial pathogenesis and motility, methane metabolism, and gluconeogenesis support the functionality of these compositional differences. Conclusion: Megasphaera and Oscillibacter have previously been linked to BMI in studies of the fecal microbiome. Our results suggest TEI and recent weight change, as well as sex, may contribute to compositional and potential functional differences in both the oral and fecal microbiota of obese and lean persons.
Keywords: Buccal Gut Microbiome Energy balance Obese