ASPO Abstracts
Comparing the impact of interventions on psychosocial facilitators to breast cancer screening among Latinas
Category: Cancer Health Disparities
Conference Year: 2022
Abstract Body:
Purpose: Empowerment interventions - training Latinas who are non-adherent to breast cancer screening guidelines to be leaders in their community - appear to have greater effects on mammography use than education (72% vs. 48%). The current study seeks to identify potential mechanisms, including knowledge, self-efficacy, norms, supportive family/friend networks.Methods: The current study builds from a quasi-experimental trial in Chicago, IL. Eligible individuals were recruited through community venues and participated in one of two interventions. Eligibility criteria included: (1) identifying as Latina/Chicana/Hispanic; (2) living in targeted community areas; and, (3) not being adherent to US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Each study arm included the identical intervention format (e.g., three group sessions), but location and content differed. In South Chicago, the education intervention provided participants with the tools to obtain breast cancer screening and engage in healthy lifestyles (diet, physical activity). In West Chicago, the empowerment intervention provided participants with the tools to obtain breast cancer screening and promote information throughout their networks. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to assess interactions and stratified models to interpret interactive effects. Results: Among the 110 participants, 73% were 52-64 years old, 42% did not have insurance, and 38% had not obtained a mammogram in the past 4 years. While study arms were similar at baseline (p=.37), empowerment participants had greater sustained knowledge than education post-intervention (B=.49, 95%CI[.14,.85],p=.007) and at 6 months (0.52,95%CI[.19,.86], p=.002). Study arms differed in self-efficacy at baseline (B=2.14, 95%CI [0.59, 3.69],p=.007), but not post-intervention (ps=.35-.87). Study arms were comparable in norms and supportive family/friend networks across time.Conclusion: The empowerment intervention was effective in increasing and sustaining knowledge across 6 months - which may have led to study arm differences in mammography use. Findings highlight potential mechanisms of underlying health-protective effects of leadership/volunteerism for changing behaviors in a non-English speaking Latina population.
Keywords: Breast cancer, Health disparities, Screening, Latinas