Disparities in Food Insecurity among Cancer Survivors during the U.S. COVID-19 Pandemic

Authors: Camacho-Rivera M, Islam JY, Vidot DC.

Category: COVID-19 and Cancer
Conference Year: 2021

Abstract Body:
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to (1) compare the prevalence of COVID-19 associated food insecurity among cancer survivors to adults without a history of cancer and (2) examine social and demographic characteristics associated with COVID-19 related food insecurity. Methods: Data for these analyses were obtained from the publicly available COVID-19 Household Impact Survey, conducted by NORC. Data from Week 1 (April 20-26, 2020), Week 2 (May 4-10, 2020), and Week 3 (May 30th - June 8th, 2020) are available, which were merged for this analysis. Our primary exposure was cancer survivor status based on participant's self-report of a cancer diagnosis in their lifetime. Primary outcomes of food insecurity were categorized on how often (response options – often true, sometimes true, never true) participants reported the following: "We worried our food would run out before we got money to buy more” or "The food that we bought just didn't last, and we didn't have money to get more”. We also examined whether participants reported receiving or applying for food pantry assistance or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits during the pandemic period. Chi-square tests were used to compare reported food insecurity items among cancer survivors compared to general U.S. adult population. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare frequency of food insecurity among cancer survivors to adults without cancer after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, household income, and area of residence (urban/rural). Results: Twenty-six percent of participants reported often or sometimes worrying about food running out and 20% of participants reported food not lasting and not having money to get more; the prevalence did not significantly differ by cancer history. Adults without a history of cancer were significantly more likely to report trying to apply for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (2.4% versus 0.8%, p = 0.32) while cancer survivors were significantly more likely to report receipt of other forms of assistance (3.8% versus 2.2%, p = 0.018). Conclusions: COVID-19 associated food insecurity is common. Expansion of policies and community interventions may help mitigate disparities in food security among US adults.

Keywords: COVID-19, cancer, food insecurity