Germline variation in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma

Authors: Dighe SG, Chen J, Yan L, He Q, Gharahkhani P, MacGregor S, Tomlinson I, Whiteman DC, Jankowski J, Schumacher J, Vaughan TL, Madeleine MM, Hardie LJ, Buas MF

Category: Molecular Epidemiology & Environment
Conference Year: 2021

Abstract Body:
Purpose: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE), have uncovered significant genetic components of risk, but most heritability remains unexplained. Strong epidemiologic associations between central obesity and risk of BE/EAC have suggested a role for metabolic signaling disturbances, such as in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, in the pathophysiology of BE/EAC. Targeted assessment of genetic variation in such biologically relevant pathways, may identify missed susceptibility signals. Hence, we sought to examine the association between germline variation in the IGF pathway and its component genes with risk of BE and EAC. Methods: Principal components analysis (PCA) was employed to evaluate pathway-level and gene-level associations with BE/EAC, using genotypes for 270 SNPs in or near 12 IGF-related genes, ascertained from 3295 BE cases, 2515 EAC cases, and 3207 controls in the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON) GWAS. Gene-level signals were also assessed using Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA) and SNP summary statistics from BEACON, and an extended BE/EAC GWAS meta-analysis (6167 BE cases, 4112 EAC cases, and 17,159 controls). Results: Global variation in the IGF pathway was associated with risk of BE (P=0.0015). Gene-level associations with BE were observed for GHR (growth hormone receptor; p=0.00046, FDR q=0.0056) and IGF1R (IGF1 receptor; p=0.00903, q=0.0542). These gene-level signals remained significant at q<0.1 when assessed using data from the largest available BE/EAC GWAS meta-analysis. No significant associations were observed for EAC. Conclusions: This study represents the most comprehensive evaluation to date of inherited genetic variation in the IGF pathway and BE/EAC risk, providing novel evidence that variation in two genes encoding cell-surface receptors, GHR and IGF1R, may influence risk of BE.

Keywords: IGF pathway, germline variants, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma