Cervical cancer screening among primary care patients in an urban public safety net health system

Authors: Montealegre JR, Parker SL, Zare M, Bulsara S, Escobar B, Chiao EY, Cantor SB, Jibaja-Weiss ML, Hilsenbeck SG, Anderson ML, Scheurer ME

Category: Cancer Health Disparities
Conference Year: 2020

Abstract Body:
Purpose of the study We assessed characteristics associated with recent cervical cancer screening among women who regularly attend for primary care in an urban safety net health system. Methods As part of a randomized trial to evaluate HPV self-sampling, the electronic health record was used to identify female patients, 30-65 years, with no history of hysterectomy or cervical cancer, who had attended a health system primary care clinic ≥2 times in past 5 years. Patients were categorized as screened if they had a Pap test in the past 3.5 years or a Pap/HPV co-test in the past 5.5 years. Results Of the 49,699 patients in the analysis, 77.7% were screened, predominantly by Pap/HPV co-testing (95%). All underscreened women (22.3%) had a previous Pap test on record. In bivariable Poisson regression, Hispanic, Asian, and Other race/ethnicity women were more likely than White women to be screened (PRs=1.3, 4.7, and 2.7, respectively, p<0.001), while Black women were less likely (PR=0.9, p<0.01). Spanish-, Vietnamese-, and Other language-speaking women were more likely than English- speakers to be screened (PRs=1.6, 1.2, 2.0, respectively, p<0.001). By health coverage, women with the indigent program were significantly more likely than those with private insurance to be screened (PR=2.5, p<0.001), while those with Medicaid, Medicare, and no coverage were significantly less likely (PRs=0.6, 0.6, and 0.7, respectively, p<0.001). Similar associations between demographic characteristics and screening status were observed in multivariable analyses, with the exception of Hispanic ethnicity. After controlling for insurance status and language, Hispanic women were less likely to be screened compared to White women (PR=0.82, p<0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of underscreened women in this safety net population was higher than nationally (22.3% versus 18.9%), despite frequent use of primary care services. While Hispanic women appear to have higher screening prevalence than White women, the association is reversed after adjusting for insurance status. This may reflect higher rates among immigrant women with indigent program coverage. The higher screening rates among indigent program participants may reflect the lack of option to receive cervical screening elsewhere.

Keywords: Cervical cancer screening, screening under-attendance, health disparities