High-intensity interval training improves functional performance, body composition and reported quality of life in a racially diverse group of cancer survivors

Authors: Beebe-Dimmer JL, Finlay DG, Ruterbusch JJ, Baird TE, McEldowney C, Simon MS, Abrams J, Harper FWK

Category: Lifestyles Behavior, Energy Balance & Chemoprevention
Conference Year: 2020

Abstract Body:
Purpose: Given the well-documented benefits of regular exercise to cancer survivors, in 2012, an expert panel assembled by the American Cancer Society recommended that patients engage in at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. However, few patients meet this goal. We have also found racial differences in reported participation in regular exercise among cancer survivors living in Metropolitan Detroit, Michigan. The goal of this study was to pilot a 12-week pilot exercise intervention (CAPABLE) that introduces cancer survivors to the sport of CrossFit®. Methods: We evaluated the impact of CrossFit’s unique, high-intensity interval training method on functional performance, cardiovascular endurance, body composition, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) instrument. All measures were summarized at baseline and study completion. Paired signed rank tests were used to assess change in each of these measures over time. Results: Of 45 participants enrolled in the pilot, 34 (76%) were considered adherent to the program (attending >75% of sessions over the 12-week period). The mean age of participants was 58.7 years, 74% identified as African American, and the majority of participants were breast cancer survivors (N=19). The mean body mass index (BMI) at baseline was 33.1 kg/m2 decreasing to a mean of 31.9 kg/m2 at exit (BMI change -1.2, p<0.001). Similar changes were observed in % body fat measured by bioelectrical impedance. There were significant improvements in all measures of functional performance over 12-weeks (all p<0.001). We observed significant and meaningful improvements in overall HRQOL (FACTG total change +9.6 (p<0.001)) and in each one of the individual domains (physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being). Conclusions: Cancer survivors who participated in a high- intensity interval training program demonstrated significant improvements in performance, body composition, and quality of life. Understanding and eliminating barriers to unique and effective exercise programs like the CrossFit-based CAPABLE program are critical to improving outcomes and reducing cancer health disparities among diverse groups of cancer survivors.

Keywords: Exercise, Intervention, Survivorship, Health Disparities