Understanding Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Liver Cancer and its Precursor Liver Conditions in a Primary Care Cohort

Authors: Glenn, B., May, F., Flores, Y., Tieu, L., Wong, C., Chen, L., Durazo, F., Bastani, R.

Category: Cancer Health Disparities
Conference Year: 2020

Abstract Body:
Purpose of the Study: Over the past 15 years, liver cancer incidence and mortality have increased and stark racial/ethnic disparities have been documented in liver cancer and its precursor liver conditions. To address this pressing health issue, the present study utilized electronic health record (EHR) data from a primary care cohort within a large academic health system to assess the prevalence of liver cancer and other liver diseases by race/ethnicity. Methods: We identified a cohort of primary care patients who had at least two outpatient visits to a UCLA primary care provider, at least one year apart, from 2006 to 2018, and who were 18- 75 years of age at the time of the visits. Initial descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the cohort with regard to the number and percent of patients with each liver disease diagnosis. Analyses were conducted in the overall sample as well as by key demographics, including age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results: Our primary care cohort consists of 280,619 individuals. Of these, 27,920 (9.9%) have at least one documented liver disease. The most common liver diagnosis was non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; n= 9,648, 3.4% of cohort) followed by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; n= 6,715, 2.4%), hepatitis C (HCV; n= 2,949, 1.1%), cirrhosis (n= 2,634, 0.9%), hepatitis B (HBV; n= 2,059, 0.7%), liver cancer (n= 1,590, 0.6%), and alcoholic hepatitis (n= 982, 0.3%). The highest prevalence of liver disease was observed in Latinos (14.8%) followed by Asians (13.7%), Blacks (12.9%) and Whites (9.7%). NAFLD and NASH were the most common conditions in each group, followed by HCV for Blacks and Whites, cirrhosis for Latinos, and HBV for Asians. The highest prevalence of liver cancer was observed for Asians (1.1%) followed by Blacks (.9%) and Latinos (.7%). Conclusions: We observed distinct patterns of liver disease by race/ethnicity, which are likely due to a combination of factors including sociodemographics, differing risk factor profiles, and clinical care. These results will guide research focused on improving methods to predict progression of liver disease to liver cancer, improve management and surveillance of precursor liver conditions, and ultimately reduce racial/ethnic disparities in liver disease.

Keywords: liver cancer, racial/ethnic disparities